A forced marriage occurs without the full consent of one or both parties, or where consent is unable to be given (due to learning/physical disabilities), and duress is a factor. Duress can include physical, psychological, financial, sexual, and emotional pressure, use of deception, and other means. Duress may come from parents, the wider family and/or the community. Duress and forced marriage cannot be justified on religious or cultural grounds.
A forced marriage is not the same as an arranged marriage. In an arranged marriage, the choice of whether or not to accept the arrangement ultimately lies with those due to be married.
Most cases of forced marriage involve girls and young women aged between 13 and 30, although victims can be male. Some forced marriages take place in the UK and may involve a partner coming from overseas, and others may involve a British citizen being sent abroad.
Forced marriage is an abuse of human rights and is contrary to UK law. Where forced marriage involves a child it in breach of children’s rights. A child who is forced to marry is at risk of significant harm through physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.
Parents who force their children to marry may seek to justify their behaviour, believing that it protects their children, preserves cultural and/or religious traditions, and caters for stronger family relationships. Some other key reasons may include controlling unwanted sexuality, preventing perceived unsuitable relationships, protecting ‘family honour’, achieving financial gain, ensuring care for a child or adult with additional needs, and assisting claims for residence and citizenship.